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What Are General Damages in a Personal Injury Case?

Justin Villeneuve • Feb 16, 2024

General Damages Explained: Pain and Suffering in Ontario

a person is laying on a stretcher with a belt around their waist .

General damages are a critical aspect of personal injury law in Ontario, Canada. When individuals suffer injuries due to another person's negligence, they may be entitled compensation for their pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life. These intangible losses, also known as general damages, aim to provide monetary compensation for the physical and emotional harm experienced by the injured party.


Understanding the Definition of General Damages


In personal injury cases, general damages refer to the compensation awarded for non-pecuniary losses that cannot be easily quantified, such as pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life. Unlike special damages, which cover specific financial losses, general damages focus on intangible injuries. Personal injury claims seek to obtain general damages to adequately compensate victims for the physical and emotional harm they have endured due to the wrongful actions of others.


The Nature of Non-Pecuniary Losses


Non-pecuniary losses, which form the basis of general damages, encompass a range of intangible injuries suffered by an individual. These losses include emotional distress, psychological trauma, physical pain, and the loss of enjoyment of life. Assessing non-pecuniary losses is complex, as they are subjective and vary based on the unique injuries and personal experiences of each individual. Pain and suffering, an integral component of general damages, involves physical pain, emotional distress, and mental anguish resulting from the injuries sustained.


The evaluation of non-pecuniary losses requires considering the impact of these injuries on daily tasks, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Courts consider the severity of the injuries, the physical pain endured, and the emotional distress experienced by the injured party to determine the appropriate amount of general damages.


Factors that Impact the Award of General Damages

Various factors come into play when assessing general damages in personal injury cases. These factors play a crucial role in determining the amount of compensation awarded to the injured party. The severity and nature of the injuries sustained significantly impact the assessment of general damages. Courts evaluate how these injuries affect an individual's quality of life, daily tasks, and emotional well-being to determine appropriate compensation.


Severity and Nature of Injuries


The severity of injuries plays a significant role in determining the amount of general damages awarded. When injuries are severe, courts must consider the physical and emotional impact on the injured party's life. Severe injuries often result in higher general damages due to the lasting impact they have on the injured person.


Additionally, the nature of the injuries affects the general damages assessment. Different types of damages, such as physical pain, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life, are considered when quantifying general damages. Courts understand that every injury victim is unique, and their injuries have different implications, which must be taken into account when determining fair compensation for general damages.


Impact on Quality of Life


The impact of injuries on an individual's quality of life is a crucial factor in assessing general damages. Courts consider how injuries diminish an injured person's enjoyment of life, ability to carry out daily tasks, and engage in social and recreational activities. General damages seek to compensate for the detrimental effects of injuries on the injured party's quality of life, including physical pain, emotional distress, and limitations on daily activities. The assessment of general damages strives to provide fair compensation for the intangible losses experienced by the injured person.


Duration of Recovery


Another critical factor in assessing general damages is the duration of the injured person's recovery process. Prolonged recovery periods often lead to higher general damages to compensate for the extended suffering endured by the injured party. The length of time required for medical care, physical therapy, and emotional recovery influences the court's determination of general damages.


Courts recognize the lasting impact of injuries on an individual's life during the recovery process. They take into account the physical, emotional, and financial costs endured by the injured person throughout their recovery. By considering the duration of recovery, courts aim to provide fair compensation for the intangible losses experienced by the injured party.


The Challenge of Quantifying General Damages


Quantifying general damages can be a challenging task, as they involve providing compensation for intangible losses that are not easily quantifiable. While special damages, such as medical bills and property damage, have a dollar amount directly associated with them, general damages encompass intangible losses, including pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life. The difficulty lies in assigning a monetary value to these intangible losses accurately. Courts and legal professionals rely on various methods and considerations to arrive at a fair quantification of general damages.


Role of Expert Witnesses in General Damages Calculation


Expert witnesses, particularly medical professionals, play a crucial role in the calculation of general damages. Qualified medical professionals provide expert testimony regarding the physical and emotional impact of injuries, which significantly influence the court's assessment of general damages. Their objective assessments contribute to accurately calculating intangible losses, aiding the court in determining fair compensation.


Through expert witnesses, courts gain insight into the long-term consequences of injuries, including the physical pain, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life experienced by the injured party. Expert witnesses provide professional opinions based on their expertise, enabling the court to make informed decisions regarding general damages.


Reference to Preceding Cases


Courts often reference preceding cases, including those decided by the Supreme Court of Canada, when awarding general damages. These previous cases provide valuable precedent and serve as a framework for determining the appropriate amount of general damages. By considering outcomes in similar injury cases, the court ensures consistency and fair compensation for injured parties.


Reference to preceding cases helps courts determine general damages by evaluating the monetary compensation awarded in similar situations. Courts take into account the unique circumstances of each case, considering the injuries suffered, lasting physical and emotional impact, and loss of enjoyment of life. By relying on preceding cases, courts strive to provide fair compensation based on established legal principles.


Minor Injury Caps in Ontario

Monetary compensation limits for minor injuries are set by Ontario law, impacting general damages awards. Statutory limits apply to compensation for minor injuries, restricting general damages in personal injury cases and affecting the recovery process. The impact of minor injury caps on general damages cannot be overlooked in personal injury law.


Statutory Deductibles for General Damages in Ontario


Impacting the recovery of general damages in Ontario, statutory deductibles are crucial financial considerations in personal injury law. These deductibles can significantly reduce the monetary compensation for non-pecuniary losses, imposing financial limits on general damages. Their impact may limit the amount of compensation a claimant receives, especially in cases involving gross negligence or wrongful acts. Understanding the implications of statutory deductibles is essential for accident victims seeking fair financial compensation in personal injury cases.


The Essence of a Personal Injury Lawyer in General Damages Cases


The role of a personal injury lawyer in general damages cases is crucial. These legal professionals specialize in navigating the intricacies of personal injury law, utilizing their expertise to advocate for accident victims. They offer free consultations, assess different kinds of damages, and determine the amount of damages owed to the victim. This involves addressing economic damages such as medical expenses, loss of income, and other pecuniary damages resulting from car accidents, wrongful deaths, or gross negligence. Additionally, they help in obtaining financial compensation for non-pecuniary losses, including pain and suffering, which can be challenging to quantify.


Legal Advice and Representation


When dealing with general damages claims, seeking legal advice and representation is critical. Skilled personal injury lawyers provide guidance and advocate for fair compensation, helping injury victims pursue fair restitution. Their expertise in tort law ensures that accident victims receive the maximum compensation for non-pecuniary losses, including pain and suffering, without the content beginning with the primary keyword.


Maximizing the Compensation in General Damages


Securing fair compensation for general damages involves proving intangible losses, such as physical pain and emotional distress. Skillful personal injury lawyers play a pivotal role in maximizing general damages recovery for accident victims. They strive to account for loss of enjoyment of life, ensuring that the compensation reflects the impact on the individual’s well-being.


Frequently Asked Questions


What is the General Damages Cap in Ontario?


In Ontario, there is no specific cap on general damages. These damages are awarded to compensate individuals for pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, and other non-pecuniary losses. The amount awarded depends on the severity of the injury and other factors. Consult a personal injury lawyer for guidance on general damage claims.


How do Courts Determine General Damages Awards?


Courts consider various factors when determining general damages awards in personal injury cases. These include the severity and duration of the injury, the impact on the victim's daily life, and past cases with similar injuries. The victim's age, health, and future prospects may also be taken into account.

Let's talk about your case

You can schedule a call with one of our lawyers anytime. Call today and get the help you need.

CALL (877) 632-5287

Or fill out our online form, and we will respond within 24 hrs.

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